[122][123], The Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) is the national army of Rwanda. [272], The cuisine of Rwanda is based on local staple foods produced by subsistence agriculture such as bananas, plantains (known as ibitoke), pulses, sweet potatoes, beans, and cassava (manioc).
It was established by President Habyarimana in 1974, and performs nationally and internationally.
[35][36] Tensions escalated between the Tutsi, who favoured early independence, and the Hutu emancipation movement, culminating in the 1959 Rwandan Revolution: Hutu activists began killing Tutsi and destroying their houses,[37] forcing more than 100,000 people to seek refuge in neighbouring countries. [246], The country's principal language is Kinyarwanda, which is spoken by nearly all Rwandans.
Beaches, coasts and islands.
[281] In 2009 a new brewery, Brasseries des Mille Collines (BMC) opened, manufacturing Skol beer and a local version known as Skol Gatanu;[282] BMC is now owned by Belgian company Unibra. [23] The Twa were better off than in pre-Kingdom days, with some becoming dancers in the royal court,[13] but their numbers continued to decline. [161] The lions were held initially in a fenced off area of the park, and then collared and released into the wild a month later. [14] An alternative theory is that the migration was slow and steady, with incoming groups integrating into rather than conquering the existing society. [62] Key tertiary contributors include banking and finance, wholesale and retail trade, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage, communication, insurance, real estate, business services and public administration including education and health.
[333] According to the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, travelers to Rwanda are highly recommended to take preventive malaria medication as well as make sure they are up to date with vaccines such as yellow fever. [153] Strategic Foresight also characterise Rwanda as a fast warming country, with an increase in average temperature of between 0.7 °C to 0.9 °C over fifty years. In 2005, President Kagame also launched a program known as The Presidents' Malaria Initiative. [107], Rwanda is a member of the United Nations,[108] African Union, Francophonie,[109] East African Community,[110] and the Commonwealth of Nations.
[145] This western section of the country lies within the Albertine Rift montane forests ecoregion.
[156], The greatest diversity of large mammals is found in the three National Parks, which are designated conservation areas. [118] Rwanda's relationship with Uganda was also tense for much of the 2000s following a 1999 clash between the two countries' armies as they backed opposing rebel groups in the Second Congo War,[119] but improved significantly in the early 2010s. [97] Gacaca, a Rwandan traditional court operated by villages and communities, was revived to expedite the trials of genocide suspects. [288] Cricket has been growing in popularity,[289] as a result of refugees returned from Kenya, where they had learned to play the game. The presidents of Rwanda and Burundi, both Hutus, were killed when their aircraft was shot down on 6 April 1994. They are divided into sectors, which are responsible for the delivery of public services as mandated by the districts.
[142], Mountains dominate central and western Rwanda and the country is sometimes called "Pays des mille collines" in French ("Land of a thousand hills"). Food and drink.
Rwanda map, satellite view. [144] The highest peaks are found in the Virunga volcano chain in the northwest; this includes Mount Karisimbi, Rwanda's highest point, at 4,507 metres (14,787 ft).
[141] Other sizeable lakes include Burera, Ruhondo, Muhazi, Rweru, and Ihema, the last being the largest of a string of lakes in the eastern plains of Akagera National Park.
[62] Rwanda is located in Central/Eastern Africa, and is bordered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, Uganda to the north, Tanzania to the east, and Burundi to the south. Defence spending continues to represent an important share of the national budget, largely due to continuing security problems along the frontiers with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burundi and lingering concerns about Uganda's intentions towards its former ally. Christianity is the largest religion in the country; the principal language is Kinyarwanda, spoken by most Rwandans, with English and French serving as additional official languages. In 2013, the public University of Rwanda (UR) was created out of a merger of the former National University of Rwanda and the country's other public higher education institutions.
[124] After the successful conquest of the country in 1994 in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide, the Rwandan Patriotic Front decided to split the RPF into a political division (which retained the RPF name) and the RDF, a military division which was to serve as the official army of the Rwandan state.
[94] The constitution provides for two types of courts: ordinary and specialised. Senators serve eight-year terms.
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