[2] Harriet Wanklyn argumenta que os políticos distorceram a teoria de Ratzel para objetivos políticos.
[106] Without consideration of traditions and prejudices, Germany must find the courage to gather our people, and their strength, for an advance along the road that will lead this people from its present, restricted living space to new land and soil, and, hence, also free it from the danger of vanishing from the earth, or of serving others as a slave nation. Request PDF | On Jan 1, 2014, Claas Wegner and others published Ich glaub, ich hab ´nen Ohrwurm! [79], For political expediency, the Nazis continually modified their racist politics towards non–Germanic peoples, and so continually redefined the ideological meaning of Lebensraum, in order to collaborate with other peoples, in service to Reich foreign policy. 미 국방조달협정(Reciprocal Defense Procurement MOU) 체결의 예상 영향 연구, The Myth of Nonconceptual Self-Consciousness, In Defense of Evidence-Based Medicine in Plastic Surgery. Woodruff D. Smith.
—Alan J. Taylor, The Origins of the Second World War[29], In the national politics of the Weimar Republic (1919–33), the German Eugenicists took up the nationalist, political slogan of Volk ohne Raum, and matched it with the racial slogan Volk ohne Jugend (a People without Youth), a cultural proposition that ignored the declining German birth-rate (since the 1880s) and contradicted the popular belief that the "German race" was a vigorous and growing people. [16], In the event, Friedrich Ratzel's metaphoric concept of society as an organism—which grows and shrinks in logical relation to its Lebensraum (habitat)—proved especially influential upon the Swedish political scientist and conservative politician Johan Rudolf Kjellén (1864–1922) who interpreted that biological metaphor as a geopolitical natural-law. "[60] The Gestapo were vigilant of sexual relations between Germans and Poles, and pursued anyone suspected of race defilement (Rassenschande); likewise, there were proscriptions of sexual relations between Germans and other ethnic groups brought in from Eastern Europe. This space in Russia must always be dominated by Germans. The Germanisation of Russia required the destruction of the cities, in effort to vanquish Russianness, Communism, and Jewish Bolshevism. The scope of the enterprise and the scale of the territories invaded and conquered for Germanisation by the Nazis indicated two ideological purposes for Lebensraum, and their relation to the geopolitical purposes of the Nazis: (i) a program of global conquest, begun in Central Europe; and (ii) a program of continental European conquest, limited to Eastern Europe. We must examine each particular case. Nonetheless, despite the initial, strategic successes of Operation Barbarossa, in counterattack, the Red Army's defeats of the German Army at the Battle of Stalingrad (August 1942 – February 1943) and at the Battle of Kursk (July – August 1943) in Russia, added to the Allied Operation Husky (July – August 1943) in Sicily, thwarted the full implementation of Nazi Lebensraum in the east of Europe. [18], In September 1914, when the German victory in the First World War appeared feasible, the government of Imperial Germany introduced the Septemberprogramm as an official war aim (Kriegsziel), which was secretly endorsed by Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg (1909–17), whereby, upon achieving battlefield victory, Germany would annex territories from western Poland to form the Polish Border Strip (Polnischer Grenzstreifen, c. 30,000 km2). Europe, 1890–1945. [77] Plans for the Germanisation of western Europe were less severe, as the Nazis needed the collaboration of the local political and business establishments, especially that of local industry and their skilled workers.
What people think of me at present is all of no consequence. Woodruff D. Smith, "Friedrich Ratzel and the Origins of Lebensraum", Gerd R. Ueberschär, “Hitlers Entschluß zum 'Lebensraum'-Krieg im Osten: Programmatisches Ziel oder militärstrategisches Kalkül?,” in Gerd R. Ueberschär and Wolfram Wette (eds. This was not an original idea of Hitler's. We eat Canadian wheat and never think of the Indians."[41]. Sie sind nacht- bzw. O geógrafo alemão Friedrich Ratzel visitou a América do Norte no início de 1873[1] e se impressionou com a doutrina do destino manifesto nos EUA. [66] Membership in the SS was reserved for the Category I only: Hitler who was born in the ethnically diverse Austrian-Hungarian Empire, avowed in Mein Kampf (1926), that Germanising Austrian Slavs by language in the age of Partitions could not have turned them into fully fledged Germans, because no 'Negro' nor a 'Chinaman' would ever 'become German' just because he has learned to speak German.
[10], In the 19th century, the term Lebensraum was used by the German biologist Oscar Peschel in his 1860 review of Charles Darwin's Origins of Species (1859).
"[67][68] According to Himmler, the destruction of the Soviet Union would have led to the exploit of millions of peoples as slave labor in the occupied territories and the eventual re-population of the areas with Germans.[69]. Despite each slogan (political and racial) being contradicted by the reality of such demographic facts, the nationalists' demands for Lebensraum proved to be ideologically valid politics in Weimar Germany. [64] Nonetheless, despite Nazi Germany's official racism, the extermination of the native populations of the countries of Eastern Europe was not always necessary, because the Racial policy of Nazi Germany regarded some Eastern European peoples as being of Aryan-Nordic stock, especially the local leaders. Thus, Hitler's long-range aim, fixed in the 1920s, of erecting a German Eastern Imperium on the ruins of the Soviet Union was not simply a vision emanating from an abstract wish. Toda a sociedade, em um determinado grau de desenvolvimento, deve conquistar territórios onde as pessoas são menos desenvolvidas. A land without a people for a people without a land, Imperial German plans for the invasion of the United States, An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus, "Utopia: The 'Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation, Spartacus Educational: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, "Hitler's American Dream: Adapted from Black Earth: The Holocaust as History and Warning". These plans were not merely the work of the German General Staff. "Lebensraum.".
Even the unoccupied "rump" Russia appeared—with the conclusion of the German–Soviet Supplementary Treaty, on 28 August 1918—to be in firm, though indirect, dependency on the Reich. Lebensraum would be realised by way of ethnic cleansing, the forcible removal of the native Slavic and Jewish populations, and the subsequent repopulation of the border strip with ethnic-German colonists; likewise, the colonisations of Lithuania and Ukraine; yet military over-extension lost the war for Imperial Germany, and the Septemberprogramm went unrealised.[21]. When the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, further volunteers from France, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, and the Croatia signed up to fight for the Nazi cause. The German concept of Lebensraum (German pronunciation: [ˈleːbənsˌʁaʊm] (), "living space") comprises policies and practices of settler colonialism which proliferated in Germany from the 1890s to the 1940s. Em vez disso, ele contou com a Tese da Fronteira de Frederick Jackson Turner. [22] Twenty-five years later, Nazi foreign policy resumed the cultural goal of the pursuit and realisation of German-living-space at the expense of non-German peoples in Eastern Europe with the September Campaign (1 September – 6 October 1939) that began the Second World War in Europe. [56] Moreover, in one of the secret Posen speeches to the SS-Gruppenführer at Posen, Himmler said: "the mixed race of the Slavs is based on a sub-race with a few drops of our blood, the blood of a leading race; the Slav is unable to control himself and create order. [80], In the 1921–22 period, Hitler said that German Lebensraum might be achieved with a smaller USSR, created by sponsoring anti-communist Russians in deposing the Communist government of the Bolsheviks; however, by the end of 1922, Hitler changed his opinion when there arose the possibility of an Anglo–German geopolitical alliance to destroy the USSR. The Russian recognition of Ukraine's separation, exacted at Brest–Litovsk, represented the key element in German efforts to keep Russia perpetually subservient. The ohrwurm that seems to ring in my ear on some rainy days without water is the Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner: Water, water, everywhere... Just add H2O Spacelab contained that stunning orbit film, before The Model told you everything you need to know about why the Germans invented the word ohrwurm . [119], Classification under the laws in the annexed territories. kidnapping their children and raising them here with us. … I intend to stay this course with ice-cold determination. [15] Ratzel said that the development of a people into a society was primarily influenced by their geographic situation (habitat), and that a society who successfully adapted to one geographic territory would naturally and logically expand the boundaries of their nation into another territory.
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