[43] Of why this happened, historian Paul Strathern writes, “it was common knowledge that [Cardinal Giulio] had been Leo X’s most able adviser, as well as manager of the pope’s financial affairs. [15][16][17] Ecclesiastically, Clement is remembered for orders protecting Jews from the Inquisition, approving the Capuchin Franciscan Order, and securing the island of Malta for the Knights of Malta. April 1478 in Florenz) war der zweite Sohn von Piero di Cosimo de’ Medici und dessen Ehefrau Lucrezia Tornabuoni und der jüngere Bruder von Lorenzo il Magnifico (1449–1492). I racconti di TuttoSesto, Rock Burger, web radio, laboratori permanenti e non solo: ecco "Palinsesto", il progetto di gestione della nuova Lucciola, I Medici, Caterina Sforza da nemica a progenitrice del futuro Granduca, I Medici, Savonarola: dai falò della vanità al rogo finale, I Medici: il trionfo di Lorenzo nei dipinti del Botticelli. "wed according to the word of those present.”)[9] Whether or not this was true, it allowed Leo X to create him cardinal during the first papal consistory on 23 September 1513. Papst (1523–1534).
Durante il suo pontificato, e per sue precise responsabilità, avvennero il sacco di Roma e l’assedio di Firenze. non s’accorge el meschin che quivi è Amore.
[33], Regardless of his paternity, throughout Alessandro's brief life, Giulio—as Pope Clement VII—showed him great favoritism, elevating Alessandro over Ippolito de Medici as Florence's first hereditary monarch, despite the latter's comparable qualifications.[34]. Henry subsequently underwent a marriage ceremony with Anne Boleyn, in either late 1532 or early 1533.
Nacque un mese dopo la morte di Giuliano e fu protagonista della politica fiorentina dopo il 1512. Suo figlio fu chiamato Giulio de' Medici, nato un mese dopo la morte del padre e dichiarato legittimo per matrimonio clandestino dal nipote di Giuliano, papa Leone X. Giulio divenne a sua volta cardinale e papa con il nome di … [38] Francis I expected Medici, his cardinal protector, to support France, but Medici perceived the French king as threatening the Church’s independence—particularly the latter's control of Lombardy, and his use of the Concordat of Bologna to control the Church in France. [12][13][14] In matters of science, Clement is best known for approving, in 1533, Nicolaus Copernicus’s theory that the Earth revolves around the Sun—99 years before Galileo Galilei’s heresy trial for similar ideas. Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, Giuliano's illegitimate son by his mistress Fioretta Gorini, went on to become Pope Clement VII. [8] Similarly, Medici’s artistic patronage was admired (e.g., his commissioning Raphael’s Transfiguration and Michelangelo’s Medici Chapel, among other works), particularly for what goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini later called its "excellent taste". "[6], When Pope Leo X died on December 1, 1521, Cardinal Giulio was “widely expected to succeed him”—but instead, during the conclave of 1522, the College of Cardinals elected a compromise candidate, Adrian VI of the Netherlands. [22] In 1492, when Lorenzo the Magnificent died and Giovanni de' Medici assumed his duties as a cardinal, Giulio became more involved in Church affairs. Medici does not appear as Bishop either in F. Ughelli. Torna lunedì 2 dicembre la saga de I Medici, i signori di Firenze protagonisti della storia di Firenze e del Rinascimento. [58], In his bull "Intra Arcana" Clement VII gave a grant of permissions and privileges to Charles V and the Spanish Empire, which included patronage power[vague] over their colonies in the Americas.
This was not a new illness. [5] He had served with distinction as chief advisor to Pope Leo X (1513–1521), Pope Adrian VI (1522–1523), and commendably as gran maestro of Florence (1519–1523). [37] The following year, King Francis I of France nominated him to become Archbishop of Narbonne, and in 1516 named him cardinal protector of France. Neither should we seek to question the lord, our God, who will punish—or not punish–in what manner and in what time it pleases him.’”[81], The disasters of Clement’s pontificate—the Sack of Rome and the English Reformation—are regarded as turning points in the histories of Catholicism, Europe, and the Renaissance. While Cardinal de' Medici wasn’t officially appointed Vice-Chancellor of the Church (second-in-command) until 9 March 1517, in practice Leo X governed in partnership with his cousin from the beginning.
Despite this, many remained steadfast in their opposition to his candidacy.”[44], In conclave, Cardinal Giulio controlled the largest voting bloc, but his many powerful enemies forced the election to a stalemate. [22] He was enrolled in the Knights of Rhodes, but also became Grand Prior of Capua. Ritratto di Sebastiano del Piombo
[50] Splitting time between the Palazzo Medici in Florence and the Palazzo della Cancelleria in Rome, Cardinal Giulio “lived there as a generous Medici was expected to live, a patron of artists and musicians, a protector of the poor, a lavish host.” [51], In 1522, rumors began to swirl that Cardinal Giulio—lacking legitimate successors to rule Florence—planned to abdicate rule of the city and "leave the government freely in the people. By Paul Ayris and David Selwyn. But deeply concerned about Imperial arrogance, he was to pick up with France again when Francis I was freed after the Treaty of Madrid (1526): the Pope entered into the League of Cognac together with France, Venice, and Francesco II Sforza of Milan. Giuliano di Piero de’ Medici (* 25.
Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Domnica, England breaking away from the Catholic Church, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of September 23, 1513", "Pope Clement VII (Giulio de' Medici) [Catholic-Hierarchy]", "The Works of John Adams, vol. Clement VII issued an invective against Charles V, who in reply defined him a "wolf" instead of a "shepherd", menacing the summoning of a council about the Lutheran question. Henry claimed that this lack of a male heir was because his marriage was "blighted in the eyes of God". Each time Piero the Unfortunate bailed them out. Giuliano era il maschio secondogenito di Piero il Gottoso e Lucrezia Tornabuoni e venne educato con il fratello Lorenzo de' Medici, poi detto il Magnifico, secondo la più raffinata cultura umanistica dell'epoca, con particolare attenzione agli affari politici e finanziari.Col fratello Lorenzo condivise l'insegnante di lettere, Gentile Becchi, ma i suoi profitti furono modesti. “Learned, clever, respectable, and industrious,” Giulio de’ Medici’s reputation and responsibilities grew at a rapid pace, unusual even for the Renaissance. Clement was kept as a prisoner in Castel Sant'Angelo for six months. [22] He was born illegitimately on May 26, 1478, in Florence; the exact identity of his mother remains unknown, although a plurality of scholars contend that it was Fioretta Gorini, the daughter of a university professor.
That the precious liberta d’Italia (freedom from outside domination) should have been lost irrevocably seems more an inevitability than a product of Clement’s particular failings. He agreed to pay a ransom of 400,000 ducati in exchange for his life; conditions included the cession of Parma, Piacenza, Civitavecchia, and Modena to the Holy Roman Empire. La traslazione sceneggiata della storia de I Medici non ha consentito un racconto puntuale dei fatti, ma in realtà Giuliano ebbe un figlio, Giulio, da Fioretta Gorini, figlia del carrozzaio di casa. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 17. [8] He later attempted to liberate Italy from foreign occupation, believing that it threatened the Church's freedom. Nevertheless, it was in his day that the disaster took place while these others, who were filled with all vices, lived and died in felicity—as the world sees it. Pope Clement VII (Italian: Papa Clemente VII; Latin: Clemens VII) (26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534), born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534. September 2020 um 14:12 Uhr bearbeitet.
[76] He also held separate, private meetings with Francis I and Charles V. Clement returned to Rome on 10 December 1533, complaining of stomach problems and showing a fever. [9] On 29 September, he was appointed Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Dominica—a position that had been vacated by the Pope. The Pope responded to the marriage by excommunicating both Henry and Cranmer from the Catholic Church. At the same time, Venice took advantage of his situation to capture Cervia and Ravenna while Sigismondo Malatesta returned in Rimini. [65] Many people close to Henry wished simply to ignore Clement, but in October 1530 a meeting of clergy and lawyers advised that the English Parliament could not empower the Archbishop of Canterbury to act against the Pope's prohibition. [22] In 1500, both returned to Italy and concentrated their efforts on re-establishing their family in Florence.
Charles of Bourbon died while mounting a ladder during the short siege and his starving troops, unpaid and left without a guide, felt free to ravage Rome from 6 May 1527. [3] April 1478 in Florenz) war der zweite Sohn von Piero di Cosimo de’ Medici und dessen Ehefrau Lucrezia Tornabuoni und der jüngere Bruder von Lorenzo il Magnifico (1449–1492). In other media. Subsequently, the Pope followed a policy of subservience to the emperor, endeavouring on the one hand to induce him to act with severity against the Lutherans in Germany and on the other to avoid his demands for a general council.
battesimi 1473-1481, c. 79v). 3 bis.
These actions prompted reform measures after Clement's death to help prevent such excessive nepotism. [22][23] Giulio spent the first seven years of life with his godfather, the architect Antonio da Sangallo the Elder. Clement was so pleased that he gave Widmanstetter a valuable gift.[74]. Certo che, per quanto addolorato per la perdita di Simonetta, Giuliano non scelse la via della castità. [22], Following the misfortunes of Lorenzo the Magnificent's firstborn son, Piero the Unfortunate, the Medici were expelled from Florence in 1494. Consequently, in England, in the same year, the Act of Conditional Restraint of Annates transferred the taxes on ecclesiastical income from the Pope to the Crown.
The humiliated Pope promised therefore to bring the Papal States to the Imperial side again. [59][60], The Pope's wavering politics also caused the rise of the Imperial party inside the Curia: Cardinal Pompeo Colonna's soldiers pillaged Vatican Hill and gained control of the whole of Rome in his name. [40], Cardinal de' Medici’s other endeavors on behalf of Pope Leo X were similarly successful, such that "he had the credit of being the prime mover of papal policy throughout the whole of Leo’s pontificate. By the late 1520s, King Henry VIII wanted to have his marriage to Charles's aunt Catherine of Aragon annulled. According to Catholic teaching, a validly contracted marriage is indivisible until death, and thus the pope cannot annul a marriage on the basis of an impediment previously dispensed. Il sogno però preannuncia anche la morte della Ninfa. La traslazione sceneggiata della storia de I Medici non ha consentito un racconto puntuale dei fatti, ma in realtà Giuliano ebbe un figlio, Giulio, da Fioretta Gorini, figlia del carrozzaio di casa.
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